The composition and design of nanoparticles used for gene delivery are important factors in defining therapeutic half-life and biological effects. Polycation-based nanoparticle matrices are of particular interest due to their versatility and shown gene delivery efficacy. Because of their capacity to electrostatically bind oligonucleotides and compact them into nanostructures, these structures are frequently utilised as the matrix for gene delivery systems. The resultant colloidal nanoparticles can shield genetic material from destruction and enhance cellular entrance. In general, these nanoparticles influence gene expression by a system that comprises nanoparticle attachment to the cell surface, cellular absorption, intracellular entry, and oligonucleotide release.
