Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood condition characterized by the obstruction of tiny blood vessels, resulting in severe crises. The intracellular polymerization of sickle hemoglobin, which results in the sickling of red blood cells (RBCs) in deoxygenated conditions, is the fundamental cause of the clinical presentation of SCA. The biomechanical and bio rheological properties of sickle RBCs and sickle blood, as well as their implications for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of SCA, are discussed in this review. We further emphasize the adhesive heterogeneity of RBCs in SCA, as well as their unique contribution to vaso-occlusive crises, and a variety of bone marrow neoplasms are also causes of reduced production. Genetic abnormalities like sickle cell anaemia, infections like malaria, and some autoimmune diseases can contribute to accelerated breakdown., and a variety of bone marrow neoplasms are also causes of reduced production. Genetic abnormalities like sickle cell anaemia, infections like malaria, and some autoimmune diseases can contribute to accelerated breakdown.
